How lifestyle can affect cholesterol

Lifestyle changes are a core part of cholesterol prevention and management, whether or not medication is also needed.

Food patterns

CDC recommends limiting saturated fat and choosing foods such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables. The American Heart Association likewise emphasizes reducing saturated and trans fat as part of cholesterol management.

Activity, smoking and weight

Physical inactivity can contribute to weight gain and high cholesterol risk. Smoking damages blood vessels and may lower HDL. Healthy behavior changes can reduce risk, but they do not replace medication when medication is clinically indicated.

Sources: CDC: preventing high cholesterol · CDC: risk factors

Last reviewed: September 25, 2026.